Studi etr

Grammatical information: adj.

Meaning: "holy", `dedicated to a god, divine', also in gen. praising `glorious, excellent, strong, quick etc.' (cf. below); ἱερόν n. `consecrated area, temple' (posthom.), ἱερά n. pl., rarely sg. `Weihgeschenk, sacrifice(animal)' (Il.).

Other forms: Dor., NWGr. ἱαρός, Ion. poet. ἰ̄ρός, Aeol. ἶρος

Dialectal forms: Myc. i-je-ro, i-je-re-u i-je-re-ja ijerowoko \/ ἱΏεροϜοργος\/

Compounds: As 1. member in many compp., not mentioned here.

Derivatives: (Dialectforms not noted): 1. ἱερεύς (Il.), Arc. Cypr. ἱερής, Ion. also ἱέρεως (hardly taken from ἀρχιέρεως, Sommer Nominalkomp. 129, Egli Heteroklisie 111f. with new explan.) m. `who performs the sacrifices (τὰ ἱερά), offerer, priest' (Schulze KZ 52, 193 = Kl. Schr. 573; after Boßhardt Die Nom. auf - ευς rather backformation from ἱερεύω; on meaning and spread E. Kretschmer Glotta 18, 81f.). From ἱερεύς: a) several feminines (cf. on βασιλεύς): ἱέρεια (Il.), Cypr. ἰερήϜιϳα, Ion. ἱερέη, -ῆ; ἱερηΐς (Megar.), ἱέρισσα (pap. II<sup>a</sup>); b) the nouns ἱερεία `priest-ship' (Thyateira; cf. Bechtel Dial. 1, 311), ἱερεῖον, -ήϊον `sacrif. animal' (Il.), ἱερ(ε)ωσύνη `priest-ship' (IA) with ἱερ(ε)ώσυνος `priesterly' (hell.); c) the adjective ἱερευτικός `priesterly (pap.); d) the denominatives ἱερεύω `offer, devote' (Il.) with ἱέρευσις (sch.) and ἱερεύσιμος (Plu. 2, 729d, besides θύσιμος; Arbenz Die Adj. auf - ιμος 94), or from ἱερός, ἱερά; ἱερεώομαι, ἱερεώσασθαι `be priest' (hell.; Schulze Symb. phil. Danielsson 304 = Kl. Schr. 325). - 2. ἱερόλας = ἱερεύς (S. Fr. 57; uncertain; on the formation Chantraine Formation 238). - 3. ἱερῖτιν καθαρμοῦ δεομένην, ἱκέτιν H. (A. Fr. 93). - 4. ἱερατικός `priesterly, hieratic' (Pl. Plt. 290d, Arist.; cf. also ἱερατεύω, ἱερατεία below). - 5. Ι῝ερυς PN (Leumann Glotta 32, 220). - 6. Several denomin.: a) ἱερεύω, cf. om ἱερεύς; b) ἱεράομαι care for the victims ( ἱερά)' (Hdt., Th.); c) ἱεράζω `id.' (Ion. islands), Boeot. ἱαρειάδδω, prob. from ἱαρεία; d) ἱερόω `consecrate' (Att., Locr. etc.) with ἱέρωμα `consecration' (Cret., Epid. etc.), ἱερωτός (Thess.); e) ἱερίζω = καθαίρω H. (s. ἁγνίτης) with ἱεριστής `who cares for the ἱερα' and ἱερισμός `holy service' (hell.); f) ἱερατεύω `be priest' with ἱερατεία, ἱεράτευμα, ἱερατεῖον; ἱεριτεύω `id.'; ἱερωτεύω `id.' with ἱερωτεία; all dialectical, hell.; on the formation Schwyzer 732, Solmsen Glotta 1, 80.

Origin: IE [Indo-European] [299] * ish₁ro- `holy'

Etymology: The different meanings, partly also the variation in form induced many scholars to split ἱερός in two or even in three words. Thus one has because of the long anlaut in ἱ̄ερὸν ἰχθύν Π 407, ἱαρὸς ὄρνις (Alkm. Fr. 26) and ἱερὸς ὄρ. (AP 7, 171), which can be easily explained as metr. lengthening, assumed a special Ϝῑερός `rapid, quick', from where ἱέραξ `hawk' (s. v.). In the meaning `strong, forceful' ἱερός would however be identical with Skt. iṣirá- etwa `strong, active'; here also Celtic river names like Isara (Krahe Beitr. z. Namenforschung 4, 121f.). A third ἱερός, as `holy', would have connections with Italic and Germanic, e. g. Osc. aisusis `sacrifiis', Paelign. aisis, Umbr. erus `dis', OHG ēra ` Ehre'. Thus esp. Schulze Q. 207ff. after Ahrens Phil. 27, 585ff., Solmsen Unt. 147ff. For uniform origin, though in parts different, Kuhn KZ 2, 274, Meillet Zeitschr. celt. Phil. 10, 309, Devoto Studi etr. 5, 316, v. Wilamowitz Glaube 1, 21f., Specht in Schaeder ZDMG 94, 408, Duchesne-Guillemin Mélanges Boisacq 1, 333ff., who as support of the old comparison with Skt. iṣirá- pointed to the agreement between ἱερὸν μένος and Skt. iṣiréṇa mánasā (instr.). On which now R. Schmitt Dichtung u. Dichtersprache 111-114. - Kretschmer Glotta 11, 278ff. (s. also Glotta 30, 88) considered ἱερός as cross of Gr. * aisaros, * eiseros `divine' (with Etr. aesar `god' and Osc. aisusis etc.) and an IE word for `strong' (= Skt. iṣirá-). - See P. Wülfing von Martitz, Glotta 38 (1960) 272-307 and 39 (1961)24-43; s. also Belardi Doxa 3, 207. J.P. Locher, Unters. zυ ἱερός haupts. bei Homer (Berne 1963). The change ἱερός, ἱαρός, ἰ̄ρός (IE * iseros, *isr̥os, *isrós ?) Schwyzer 482 and 243; Ramat, Sprache 8 (1962) 4-28 connects Skt. iṣṇāti `set in movement', which gives * ish₁ro-. Lesbian ἶρος must be due to assimilation. Dot. ἱαρός is due to dev. before r. On the aspiration ibd. 219f. On the meaning (against ἅγιος, ἁγνός) Nilsson Gr. Rel. 1, 61ff.; also J. Chr. Bolkestein Ο῝σιος en εὑσεβής. diss. Amsterdam 1936, Palmer Eranos 53, 4ff., Defradas Rev. de phil. 81, 208ff. - Older lit. in Bq. García Ramón, Akten VII. Fachtagung, Innsbruck 1992, 183-205, connects 1. eis- (Pok. 299f.) `set in motion', i. e. Skt. iṣṇāti, Gr. ἰνάω (ῑ-), which gives * h₁ish₂-ro-, but assumes that between s and cons. a laryngeal was lost, giving ἰ̃ ρος etc.; - ερος and - αρος would be replacements.

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Grammatical information: f.

Meaning: `vine trained on two poles' (Epich., Sapph.,).

Other forms: gen. - υδος (Sapph.). = ἄμπελος η γένος σταφυλῆς H.; σταφυλῆς γένος, οἱ δε την ἀναδενδράδα οὕτω καλεῖσθαι Suid.

Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]

Etymology: Fur. 212 compares ἀμαξίς γένος σταφυλῆς ἀπὸ ἀναδενδράδος H., which is no doubt correct. The word shows reduplication. The further connection with βῆκα· ἀναδενδράς H. is of course very doubtful; better, though still doubtful, the comparison with Hitt. maḫla-. Cf. also Kuiper FS Kretschmer 215 n. 15. This is a typical substr. word (wrong Alessio, Studi Etr. 33, 1965, 718).

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Grammatical information: f. (m.)

Meaning: name of several types of thorn-bush (Thgn.); s. Dawkins Journ. of Hell. Stud. 56, 7.

Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably]

Etymology: Unknown. Solmsen Wortforsch. 21 A. connected σπαλύσσεται σπαράσσεται, ταράσσεται H.; σφαλάσσειν τέμνειν, κεντεῖν H. etc.. (s. ἀσπάλαξ), unconvincingly. Rather a loanword (Schwyzer 510, Chantr. Form. 368); the suffix - θος often in plant names. André, Lex. 234. It may well be a substr. word. Alessio compares Lat. palla `genesta alba' ( RILomb. 74, 737ff., Studi Etr. 15, 219.

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Grammatical information: m.

Meaning: The Egyptian papyrus, `Cyperus Papyrus', `its stalks, bark, roll, paper' (Hdt.).

Other forms: βίβλος, βὶμβλις; Βίμβλινος (or - ινων) εἶδος οἴνου καὶ γένος ἀμπέλου ἐν Θρᾳκῃ καὶ ὁ παλαιὸς οἶνος. Ε᾽πίχαρμος δε ἀπ' ὀρῶν Βιβλίνων. ἔστι δε Θρᾳκης H.

Derivatives: βύβλινος (Od.), βίβλινος (Pap.) `made of p.'; (both) also a kind of wine, s. DELG; also βίμβλινος (LSJSup.and H., s. above). βυβλιά (accent s. Wackernagel-Debrunner Phil. 95, 191f.) `plantation of p.' (Tab. Heracl.; but s. Scheller Oxytonierung 47). - βυβλίον, βιβλίον ( s. Kretschmer KZ 57, 253 A.) `paper, book' (Ion.-Att.). βιβλῑ́διον with strange long i. βίμβλις, - ιδος `cords of β.', cf. βιβλίδες τὰ βιβλία η σχοινία τὰ ἐκ βίβλου πεπλεγμένα (EM 197, 30).

Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably]

Etymology: The papyrusrind was supposedly called after the Phoenician harbour Byblos, from where it was brought to Greece. But as this town was Phoen. Gbl, Acc. Gublu, Hebr. G^ebāl the Greek form is difficult to understand. E. Masson, Emprunts 101-7 concludes that the word is of unknown origin and the town was called after it. Objections by Hemmerdinger, Glotta 48 (1970) 253 (unclear). Therefore Alessio Studi etr. 18 (1944) 122f. assumed that the word was Pre-Gr. Furnée 364 gives evidence for υ\/ι in Pre-Greek (the forms with - ι- appears to be old, not due to late assimilation; cf. Kretchmer, KZ 57, 253). Pre-Greek origin is also strongly suggested by the prenasalised forms (hardly expressive). - Cf. πάπυρος.

See also: s. βίβλος.

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Grammatical information: n.

Meaning: `mound, barrow' (Ψ 126).

Compounds: Als 1. member in ἠρι-εργής τυμβώρυχος H.

Origin: XX [etym. unknown]

Etymology: Acc. to Kretschmer Mélanges van Ginneken 207ff. here also the river name Ήριδανός: orig. name of a small river in Attica, then through mixing with ` Ροδανός applied to this and the Po (on the formation Schwyzer 530); diff. Pokorny Mélanges Boisacq 2, 193ff.: Ήριδανός from Rhodanos through Iber. * Errodanos with adaptation to the Attic river name (improbable; diff. on Ήριδανός Alessio Studi etr. 18, 150, Belardi Doxa 3, 205). Formation as κηρίον (: κηρός), μηρία (: μηρός) a. o. (Chantraine Formation 59). By the ancients connected with ἔρα `earth' (cf. Schwyzer 424, where unclear πολύηρος πολυάρουρος, πλούσιος H. is recalled), but after Ψ 126 μέγα ἠρίον rather to be reconstructed as *Ϝηρίον. Often derived from a root u̯er- `cover' (WP. 1, 280ff.), referring to Germanic words, e. g. OWNo. vǫr f. (IE *u̯orā) a. o. `hill or bank of stones or gravel', OWNo. ver n. (IE *u̯oriom) `dam', which depend first from a verb for ` avert', Goth. warjan etc. hang from. - (Not to Skt. vr̥ṇóti which rather belongs to εἰλύω; s. v.)

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Grammatical information: f.

Meaning: `sea' (Il.).

Dialectal forms: Att. θάλαττα, Lat Cretan θάλαθθα (Buck, Gr. Diall. $ 81b), Lac. in σαλασσο-μέδοισα Alc. 84.

Compounds: Several compp., e. g. θαλασσο-κράτωρ (Hdt., Th.), ἀμφι-θάλασσος `surrounded by the sea' (Pi.; Bahuvrihi); often in hypostases, mostly with - ιος (- ίδιος), e. g. ἐπι-, παρα-θαλάσσιος, - ίδιος (IA).

Derivatives: θαλάσσιος `belonging to the sea, maritime' (Hom.), - ία f. - ιον n. as plant name (Dsc.; Strömberg Pflanzennamen 114), θαλασσ-ίδιος (Hdt.), - αῖος (Simon., Pi.) `id.', θαλασσώδης `sea-like' (Hanno Peripl.), θαλασσερός m. `kind of eye-salve' (Gal.); θαλασσίτης ( οἶνος Plin.; Redard Les noms grecs en - της 96). Denominatives: θαλασσ-εύω `be in the sea' (Th.), - όομαι, - όω `be filled by water from the sea, change into sea' (Arist., hell.) with θαλάσσωσις `inundation' (Thphr., Ph.), - ίζω `be like water from the sea, wash in water of the sea' (Ath., pap.).

Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]

Etymology: For the notion sea, the Greeks used for the old word, limited to Italo-Celtic, Germanic, Balto-Slavic mare - Meer etc. partly old words with a new meaning, ἅλς, prop. `salt', πόντος, prop. `path', partly made others with IE elements like Greek πέλαγος. To θάλασσα belongs Maced. (?) δαλάγχαν θάλασσαν H. the attempts to explain it are doubtful: v. Windekens Beitr. z. Namenforschung 1, 200f., id. Le Pélasgique 89, Autran REIE 2, 17ff., Buck Class. Studies pres. to E. Capps (s. Idg. Jb. 22, 220), Battisti Studi etr. 16, 369ff., Pisani Rend. Acc. Lincei 7, 67ff., Vey BSL 51, 80ff., Steinhauser Μνήμης χάριν 2, 152ff. Acc. to Lesky Hermes 78, 258ff. θάλασσα was originally a foreign word for `salt water' and in this was replaced by synonymous IE ἅλς. Fur. 195 notes that it is not certain that δαλάγχαν is Macedonian (Kalléris does not give it). The word, with a prenasalized variant, is typically Pre-Greek. Furnée further connects σάλος, ζάλος, which seems possible but remains uncertain.

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Grammatical information: m.

Meaning: `bush, shrub' (Il.).

Other forms: (also f., after the tree names)

Derivatives: Dmin. θαμνίσκος m. (Dsc.), θαμνῖτις `shrub-like' (Nic. Th. 883; Redard Les noms grecs en - της 71), θαμνώδης `id.' (Thphr.), θαμνάς = ῥίζα (EM). - Beside it θάμνη (-α) f. `wine from pressed grapes (?)' (Herod. 6, 90, Gp.). θάμνος beside θαμινός and θαμά as πυκνός beside πυκινός and πύκα; the barytonesis is caused by the substantivizing (cf. Schulze Kl. Schr. 124 n. 1).

Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably]

Etymology: For the meaning cf. the explanation in H.: θάμνοι δασέα καὶ πυκνὰ δένδρα. - Not with Alessio Studi etr. 18, 414 to Lat. tamnus s. W.-Hofmann s. v. - The word, in - αμν(ος), looks Pre-Greek; its meaning makes this quite possible.

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Grammatical information: f.

Meaning: plant-name, `pepperwort, Lepidium' (Damocr. ap. Gal., Aët. ap. Ps.-Dsc.).

Origin: XX [etym. unknown]

Etymology: From the home-country Ίβηρία; Strömberg Pflanzennamen 124f. (?). Diff. Alessio Studi etr. 15, 205ff. (Aegean like ἰβίσκος (s.v.), ἰβάνη a. o.).

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Grammatical information: f.

Meaning: Thessalic word for `waggon' = ἀπήνη (Xenarch. 11, H.), -η `cross-bar of the waggon (?)' (Poll. 1, 142), καπᾶναι ( καπαλαί cod.) φάτναι H.

Derivatives: καπάναξ `side-piece of the waggon-box ' (Poll. ibid.; cf. δίφραξ from δίφρος); καπανικώτερα adjunct of Θετταλικά ( δεῖπνα) in Ar. Fr. 492, in Ath. 9, 418d = ἁμαξιαῖα `filling a waggon', acc. to H. as alternative = χορταστικώτερα, ἀπὸ τῆς φάτνης `more foodful, more plenteous' (LSJ, from καπάνη = κάπη). - Unclear καπάνη τριχίνη κυνῆ, καπάνια ἁρπεδόνες, καπαλίζει ζευγηλατεῖ H. - Here also Καπανεύς EN? (Boßhardt Die Nom. auf - ευς 121).

Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]

Etymology: Prob. prop. `chest', formation in -ᾱνᾱ (Chantraine Formation 206; cf. esp. ἀπήνη) from κάπη, κάπτω?, s. v. καπάνα reminds of Gallorom. capanna (Alessio Studi Etr. 19, 175 n. 34). Kuiper Μνήμης χάριν 1, 213 n. 9 compared ἀπήνη, with κ\/zero, which means that the word is Pre-Greek, which seems more probable. Fur. 224 n. 96 compares γάπος ὄχημα. Τυρρηνοί H.

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Grammatical information: m.

Meaning: `wax' (Od.).

Compounds: Often as 1. member, e. g. in κηρό-δε-τος `with wax fitted together' (Theoc. a. o.), κηρο-πλάσ-της `wax-sculptor' (Pl.), κηρο-τακ-ίς f. "hot plate", (to keep wax paints hot) ( PHolm. 6, 33; cf. Lagercrantz ad loc.); as 2. member e. g. in πισσό-κηρος m. `propolis, a mix of resin and wax, with which bees line their hives, bee-bread' (Arist., Plin.; beside it κηρό-πισσος `ointment from wax and resin' [Hp.], cf. Risch IF 59, 58), μελί-κηρος `bee-wax' (pap.); beside it: μελι-κήρ-ιον `honeycomb' (Sm.), μελι-κηρ-ίς `id.', metaph. `cyst or wen' (which resembles a honeycomb) (Hp., pap.), μελί-κηρᾰ f. `spawn of the murex' (Arist.).

Derivatives: 1. κηρίον `wax-cake, honeycomb' (IA. h. Merc. 559; Zumbach Neuerungen 11) with κηρίδιον (Aët.), κηριώδης `honeycomb-like' (Thphr.), κηρίωμα `tearing eyes' (S. Fr. 715), κηριάζω `spawn', of the purple (snail), as its spawn resembles a honeycomb (Arist.). - 2. κήρινος `of wax' (Alcm., Att.) with κηρίνη (sc. ἔμπλαστρος) name of a plaster (medic.); 3. κήρινθος m. `bee-bread' (Arist., Plin., H.; on the identical GN s. v. Blumenthal ZONF 13, 251); 4. κηρίων, - ωνος `wax-candle, -torch' (Plu., Gal.; Chantraine Formation 165, Schwyzer 487); 5. κηρών, - ῶνος `bee-hive' (sch.); 6. κηρίς fish-name = κιρρίς? (Diph. Siph., Alex. Trall.; s. κιρρός), prob. after the yellow colour; cf. Strömberg Fischnamen 20f., Thompson Fishes s. v.; 7. κηρῖτις ( λίθος) `wax-like stone' (Plin. HN 37, 153: "cerae similis"; Redard Les noms grecs en - της 55); 8. *κηροῦσσα in Lat. cērussa `white-lead' ( Plaut.; cf. W.-Hofmann s. v. and Friedmann Die jon. u. att. Wörter im Altlatein 94f.). - Denominative verbs: 1. κηρόομαι, - όω `be covered with wax resp. cover' (Hp., Herod., AP) with κήρωσις `bee-wax' (Arist.); κήρωμα `wax-ointment, -plaster' (Hp.; cf. Chantraine Formation 186f., Lat. cērōma), - ματικός, - ματίτης, - ματιστής (Redard 47); κηρωτή `id.' (Hp., Ar., Dsc.) with κηρωτάριον `id.' (medic.); 2. κηρίζω `look like wax' (Zos. Alch.).

Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably]

Etymology: The connexion by Curtius 149 with a Baltic word for `honeycomb', Lith. korỹs, Latv. kâre(s), is rejected or doubted by several scholars (Osthoff Etym. parerga 1, 18ff., Fraenkel Lit. et. Wb. s. korỹs, Specht Ursprung 52). As a Dor. *κᾱρός cannot be shown (Osthoff l. c.) and as borrowing of IA. κηρός in another language cannot be demonstrated, the comparison seems impossible (Lith. has IE.ā, the Greek form ē). As further for the Indoeuropeans bee-culture can hardly be expected (on IE. names for the products of bees s. on μέλι and μέθυ), one must reckon for κηρός with foreign origin (cf. Haupt Actes du 16<sup>éme</sup> congr. des orientalistes [1912] 84f., Schrader-Nehring Reallex. 1, 140f., Chantraine Formation 371, Deroy Glotta 35, 190, Alessio Studi etr. 19, 161ff., Belardi Doxa 3, 210). - From κηρός prob. as LW [loanword] Lat. cēra (-a after tabella, crēta; details in W.-Hofmann s. v.); from Lat. cēreolus Gr. κηρίολος `wax-candle' (Ephesos II^p). The word κήρινθος `bee-bread' seems Pre-Greek. Wrong Huld in EIEC 637

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Grammatical information: m.

Meaning: `ivy, Hedera helix' (IA.)

Other forms: Att. κιττός

Compounds: Often as 1. member, e. g. κισσο-φόρος `having ivy' (Pi., Ar.); also as 2. member, e. g. κατά-κισσος `crowned with ivy' (Anacreont.).

Derivatives: Diminut. κισσίον = ἀσκληπιάς (Ps.-Dsc.); κίσσινος `of ivy' (Pi., E.), κισσήεις `id.' (Nic., Nonn.; on the formation Schwyzer 527), κισσώδης `envelopped with ivy' (Nonn.); κισσεύς surname of Apollon (A. Fr. 341; Boßhardt Die Nom. auf - ευς 43f.); κισσών `forest with ivy' (Hdn. Gr.), κίσσαρος = κισσός (Gloss.). Denomin. verb κισσόω, - ττ- `crown with ivy' (E., Alciphr.) with κίττωσις (Attica).

Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]

Etymology: Foreign word of unknown origin (cf. Güntert Labyrinth 22, Bertoldi Studi etr. 10, 26 n. 2). Wrong IE. explanations in Bq and W.-Hofmann s. hedera. Pre-Greek, Fur. 256 w. n. 36 on - αρος.

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Grammatical information: m.

Meaning: 1. `kernel of fruits, esp. of the pomegranate' (h. Cer., IA.; cf. Strömberg Theophrastea 185); 2. `berry (gall) of the kermes oak, scarlet, the kermes oak' (Thphr., Gal., Dsc.; Michell ClassRev. 69, 246); 3. metaph. `pill' (medic.).

Compounds: Compp., e. g. κοκκο-βαφής `painted with scarlet' (Thphr.), καλλί-κοκκος `with beautiful kernes' (Thphr.); κοκκό-δαφνον, δαφνό-κοκκον (medic.) = κόκκος δάφνης, δαφνίς (Strömberg Wortstudien 7).

Derivatives: Diminut. κοκκίον, κοκκάριον (medic.); κόκκων, - ωνος m. `kernel of the granate' (Sol., Hp.), `mistletoe-berry' (H.), κόκκαλος m. `kernel of the stone pine' (Hp., Gal.; Chantraine Formation 247); κοκκίδες pl. `scarlet slippers' (Herod.), - ίδα αἴγειρον H.; κόκκινος `scarlet' (Herod., pap., Arr.) with κοκκινίζω `be scharlet' (Sch.), κοκκηρός `made of scarlet' ( Edict. Diocl.; like οἰνηρός, ἐλαιηρός); κοκκίζω `take out the kernel' (A., Ar.).

Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]

Etymology: Etymology unknown, prob foreign; note the popular gemination (Chantraine Formation 7). - Alessio Studi etr. 18, 126 (s. also Belardi Doxa 3, 210) reminds of Span. cuesco `note' and considers a Mediterranaean * cosco-, from which κόκκος(? rejected by Fur. 293 n. 4). - Prob. Pre-Greek.

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Grammatical information: interj.

Meaning: cry of the cuckoo; also as cry in gen. (Ar.).

Compounds: As 1. member in κοκκυ-βόας ὄρνις name of the cock (S. Fr. 791; codd. Eust. κοκκο- after the ο-stems; correct?).

Derivatives: κοκκύζω of the call of the cuckoo and of the cock (Hes.; cf. Fraenkel Glotta 4, 34) with κοκκυσμός `shrill cry' (Nicom. Math.), κοκκυστής `cry-er' (Timo); κόκκυξ, -ῡγος m. `cuckoo' (Hes., - υγος nom. Alc.), also metaph., a. o. as name of a fish (Hp., Arist.), a fig (Nic.); s. Strömberg Fischnamen 116, resp. Pflanzennamen 73. From κόκκυξ: Κοκκύγιον name of a mountain (Paus.); κοκκυγία ἀνεμώνη. Κροτωνιᾶται H. ("cuckooflower"; Strömberg l. c.); κοκκυγέα a tree, `Rhus Cotinus' (Plin.; coni. in Thphr. HP 3, 16, 6). With labial the PN Κόκκυψ, Κοκκουβίας (Boeoot.; cf. Bechtel Dial. 1, 262f.). Here also κόκκυς λόφος (i. e. `cock's comb') H.? (non-IE. after Alessio Studi etr. 18, 125 and Hubschmid 3^me Congr. intern. de topon. 2, 186f..

Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably], ONOM [onomatopoia, and other elementary formations]

Etymology: On κοκκύμηλον s. v. Prob. dissim. from kuku (Schwyzer 258 a. 423). Onomatopoetic like Skt. kokilá- `cucko', kukkuṭá- `cock', Lat. cucūlus, NHG Kuckuck etc.; Pok. 627, W.-Hofmann s. cucūlus. On κόκκυξ Thompson Birds s. v. The word could well be Pre-Greek.

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λάπαθον 1

Grammatical information: n.

Meaning: `monk's rhubarb, Rumex acetosa' (Epich., Thphr.),

Other forms: - ος m. or f., -η f.

Compounds: also in compp., e. g. ὀξυ-, ἱππο-, βου-λάπαθον (Dsc.); s. Strömberg Pflanzennamen 19.

Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]

Etymology: Because of the formation (cf. ἄνηθον etc., Chantraine Form. 368, Schwyzer 510) a foreign origin is suspected. " βοτάνη κενωτική" (sch. Theoc., with λάπαθα pl. `faeces' sch. Gen. E 166) has been connected with λαπάσσω (Bq, Bechtel Lex. 28). - Wrong the connection with Lat. lappa `burr' (Walde LEW²) s. W. -Hofmann s. v.; Alessio Studi etr. 15, 218ff.

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Grammatical information: m.

Meaning: `wild, verdant fig' (Hes. Fr. 160, 1, Hdt. 1, 193, Hp., Thphr., LXX).

Other forms: Also ὄλονθος.

Compounds: As 1 member in ὀλυνθο- ( ὀλονθο-)φόρος 'bearing ὄλ.' (pap.) with - έω (Thphr.).

Derivatives: ὀλύνθ-η f. `wild fig-tree, ἐρινεός' (Paus.). - άζω `to caprificate, ἐρινάζω' (Thphr.; cf. Strömberg Theophrastea 169).

Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]

Etymology: Technical Pre-Greek word with νθ-suffix. Note bolunda ὄλυνθος ( Corp. Gloss Lat. 2, 517, 40), s. Alessio Studi etr. 18, 138 f. -- Cf. μηλολόνθη, ὁδόλυνθος. As - ονθ- is very rare, the second ο will be due to assimilation; Furnée 358 compares ῎ ῎Ολομπος. As o was not a phoneme in Pre-Greek, ὄλυνθος will continues αλ-, with a \> o before u. The Latin b- points to orig. F.

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Grammatical information: f.

Meaning: `brick, air brick, bakestone', metaph. `square building stone, metal ingot, abacus' (IA.).

Compounds: Compp., e.g. πλινθο-φόρος `bearing bricks, brick-bearer' (Ar.), ἡμι-πλίνθ-ιον n. `ingot in the shape of half a brick' (Hdt., Att. inscr.).

Derivatives: 1. Diminut.: πλινθ-ίον (Att.), - ίς f. (hell.), both mostly in metaph. special meanings; - άριον (LXX), - ίδιον (Iamb.). 2. Adj.: - ινος `made of bricks, of bricks' (IA.), - ικός `id.' (pap.), - ιακός `busy with bricks' (D. L.; after βιβλι-ακός, θηρι-ακός a.o.), - ωτός `brick-shaped' (Paul. Aeg.). 3. Subst.: - ῖτις f. `kind of στυπτηρία' (Gal.). 4. Adv.: - ηδόν `roofing tile-shaped' (Hdt.). 5. Verbs: πλινθ-εύω `to cut out bricks, to make bricks' (IA.) with - εία f., - εῖον n., - ευσις f., - ευμα n., - ευτής (hell.); - όομαι `to cover with bricks' (AP).

Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]

Etymology: Technical expression of building with tiles and already for this reaon (cf. on κέραμος) as well as for the suffixe suspect of being a loan: Chantraine Form. 371, Güntert Labyrinth 22, Kretschmer Glotta 23, 12; on this Alessio Studi etr. 18, 139, Belardi Doxa 3, 218. On IE hypotheses s. Bq s. v., W.-Hofmann on 3. pila and later; also Lidén Stud. 18.

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Grammatical information: m.

Meaning: `branch, twig, shoot' (LXX, Suid., H.).

Other forms: also ῥόδαμνος H. and ῥάδαμον καυλόν, βλαστόν (coni. Nic. Al. 92) with ῥαδαμεῖ βλαστάνει H.

Derivatives: ῥαδαμνώδης (sch.).

Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]

Etymology: With ῥάδαμνος cf. θάμνος, ῥάμνος (with ν-suffix; s. vv.), also σφέν-δαμνος, στάμνος a.o.; with ῥάδιξ cf. σπάδιξ, σκάνδιξ a.o. (Chantraine Form. 191 a. 215 f. resp. 382). With ῥάδιξ agrees formally Lat. rādīx `root', if from IE *u̯rād-; semant. closer is Lat. rāmus `branch, twig', which may stand for *u̯rād-mo-; beside it with short vowel ῥάδ-αμνος wich cannot continue IE *u̯rǝd- = *u̯r̥h₂d- (which would give a long α); cf. ῥίζα w. lit. One compares also ῥαδινός a.o. (s.v.).. -- After Alessio Studi etr. 18, 413 a. o. (s. Belardi Doxa 3, 218; rejecting) Mediterranean. Mann Lang. 17,20 and 28, 37 reminds of Alb. rrânzë `root'. Cf. ῥά̄διξ -ῑκος m. `branch, twig' (Nik.), `palm leave' (D. S.). -- (Aeol.) ὀρόδαμνος points to Ϝροδ. The word is no doubt Pre-Greek.

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Grammatical information: f.

Meaning: `axe, battle axe', used by Scythians, Persians and other peoples. (Hdt., X. a.o.); after H. = πελέκιον μονόστομον; by AP 6, 94 called ἀμφιθηγής.

Origin: XX [etym. unknown]

Etymology: Foreign word without etymology; by Alessio Studi etr. 18, 142 as non-IE. compared with Lat. sagitta `arrow', Berb. zaġāja `javelin'. One expects an Iranian word.

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Grammatical information: m.

Meaning: `bulrush, mat of bulrush' (com. V^a).

Derivatives: - άκιον n. des. of a female ornament ( Com. Adesp.).

Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin] (S)

Etymology: Formation as οἶσαξ a.o. (s. on οἶσος): further unexplained. After Alcssio Studi etr. 19, 152 to pre-IE. * sam- `water, sea, swamp' (?); by Belardi Doxa 3, 219 rightly rejected. -- The suffix is Pre-Greek. (Not in Furnée.)

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Grammatical information: PN

Meaning: two heroes, 1. Αἴας Τελαμώνιος, A., son of Telamon, king of Salamis; 2. Αἴας Όιλῆος, A., son of Oileus, leader of the Locrians (Il.)

Other forms: On Etr. Aivas Vetter, Glotta 17. 1920, 296.

Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]

Etymology: Mühlestein, Studi Mycenei 2, 1967, compared Myc. aiwa, name of a cow; it would be a hypocoristic of Αἴολος. Formerly often (s. Kretschmer Glotta 15, 192f.) derived from αἶα `earth'. Blümel IF 43, 2 72f. interpreted this as `Sohn der echten Frau, der Mutter', as opposed to Τεῦκρος (q.v.) `Sohn der Kebse'. All quite uncertain. - On the Lat. form Aiax s. Friedmann Die jon. u. att. Wörter im Altlatein 10f. - No doubt a Pre-Greek name, like Achilles etc.

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